Corundum is a mineral species that includes two of the most well-known precious gemstones, sapphire and ruby. Corundum is an oxide mineral that is made up of aluminum and oxygen. It has a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the hardest minerals on Earth after diamond.

Corundum can be found in a range of colors, including blue, red, pink, yellow, green, and colorless. The blue variety is known as sapphire, while the red variety is known as ruby. Other colors of corundum are often referred to as fancy sapphires.

In addition to its use as a gemstone, corundum also has a number of industrial uses due to its hardness and durability. For example, it is used as an abrasive in sandpaper and other grinding materials, as a cutting tool in industries such as aerospace and automotive, and as a component in high-durability windows and lenses.

Corundum is a highly valuable and versatile mineral that is treasured for its beauty and durability in both the gemstone and industrial worlds.

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